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AWS-DevOps PDF DEMO:
QUESTION NO: 1
A company hosts parts of a Python-based application using AWS Elastic Beanstalk. An Elastic
Beanstalk CLI is being used to create and update the environments. The Operations team detected an increase in requests in one of the Elastic Beanstalk environments that caused downtime overnight.
The team noted that the policy used for AWS Auto Scaling is NetworkOut. Based on load testing metrics, the team determined that the application needs to scale CPU utilization to improve the resilience of the environments. The team wants to implement this across all environments automatically.
Following AWS recommendations, how should this automation be implemented?
A. Using ebextensions, create a custom resource that modifies the AWSEBAutoScalingScaleUpPolicy and AWSEBAutoScalingScaleDownPolicy resources to use CPUUtilization as a metric to scale for the
Auto Scaling group.
B. Using ebextensions, place a script within the files key and place it in
/opt/elasticbeanstalk/hooks/appdeploy/pre to perform an API call to modify the scaling metric to
CPUUtilization for the Auto Scaling configuration. Use leader_only to place this script in only the first instance launched within the environment.
C. Using ebextensions, place a command within the container_commands key to perform an API call to modify the scaling metric to CPUUtilization for the Auto Scaling configuration. Use leader_only to execute this command in only the first instance launched within the environment.
D. Using ebextensions, configure the option setting MeasureName to CPUUtilization within the aws:autoscaling:trigger namespace.
Answer: D
QUESTION NO: 2
A DevOps Engineer manages a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an
Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple
Availability Zones.
The Engineer needs to implement a deployment strategy that:
Launches a second fleet of instances with the same capacity as the original fleet.
Maintains the original fleet unchanged while the second fleet is launched.
Transitions traffic to the second fleet when the second fleet is fully deployed.
Terminates the original fleet automatically 1 hour after transition.
Which solution will satisfy these requirements?
A. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk with the configuration set to Immutable. Create an .ebextension using the Resources key that sets the deletion policy of the ALB to 1 hour, and deploy the application.
B. Use an AWS CloudFormation template with a retention policy for the ALB set to 1 hour. Update the Amazon Route 53 record to reflect the new ALB.
C. Use AWS CodeDeploy with a deployment group configured with a blue/green deployment configuration. Select the option Terminate the original instances in the deployment group with a waiting period of 1 hour.
D. Use two AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments to perform a blue/green deployment from the original environment to the new one. Create an application version lifecycle policy to terminate the original environment in 1 hour.
Answer: D
QUESTION NO: 3
A company has developed an AWS Lambda function that handles orders received through an
API. The company is using AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda function as the final stage of a
CI/CD pipeline. A DevOps Engineer has notices there are intermittent failures of the ordering API for a few seconds after deployment. After some investigation, the DevOps Engineer believes the failures are due to database changes the CloudFormation stack for the application lambda function begins executing. How should the DevOps Engineer overcome this?
A. Add a BeforeAllowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that tests and waits for any necessary database changes before traffic can flow to the new version of the Lambda function
B. Add an AfterAllowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that forces traffic to wait for any pending database changes before allowing the new version of the Lambda function to respond
C. Add a ValidateService hook to the AppSpec file that inspects incoming traffic and rejects the payload if dependent services such as the database are not yet ready
D. Add a BeforeInstall hook to the AppSpec file that tests and waits for any necessary database changes before deploying the new version of the Lambda function
Answer: B
QUESTION NO: 4
You currently have the following setup in AWS
1) An Elastic Load Balancer
2) Auto Scaling Group which launches EC2 Instances
3) AMIs with your code pre-installed
You want to deploy the updates of your app to only a certain number of users. You want to have a cost-effective solution. You should also be able to revert back quickly. Which of the below solutions is the most feasible one?
A. Create a full second stack of instances, cut the DNS over to the new stack of instances, and change the DNS back if a rollback is needed.
B. Create new AM Is with the new app. Then use the new EC2 instances in half proportion to the older instances.
C. Redeploy with AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Elastic Beanstalk versions. Use Route 53 Weighted
Round Robin records to adjust the proportion of traffic hitting the two ELBs
D. Create a second ELB, and a new Auto Scaling Group assigned a new Launch Configuration. Create a new AMI with the updated app. Use Route53 Weighted Round Robin records to adjust the proportion of traffic hitting the two ELBs.
Answer: D
Explanation
The Weighted Routing policy of Route53 can be used to direct a proportion of traffic to your application. The best option is to create a second CLB, attach the new Autoscaling Group and then use Route53 to divert the traffic.
Option B is wrong because just having EC2 instances running with the new code will not help.
Option C is wrong because Clastic beanstalk is good for development environments, and also there is no mention of having 2 environments where environment url's can be swapped.
Option D is wrong because you still need Route53 to split the traffic.
For more information on Route53 routing policies, please refer to the below link:
* http://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/routing-policy.html
QUESTION NO: 5
A Security team is concerned that a Developer can unintentionally attach an Elastic IP address to an Amazon EC2 instance in production. No Developer should be allowed to attach an Elastic IP address to an instance.
The Security team must be notified if any production server has an Elastic IP address at any time.
How can this task be automated?
A. Ensure that all IAM groups are associated with Developers do not have associate-address permissions.
Create a scheduled AWS Lambda function to check whether an Elastic IP address is associated with any instance tagged as production, and alert the Security team if an instance has an Elastic IP address associated with it.
B. Create an AWS Config rule to check that all production instances have the EC2 IAM roles that include deny associate-address permissions. Verify whether there is an Elastic IP address associated with any instance, and alert the Security team if an instance has an Elastic IP address associated with it.
C. Use Amazon Athena to query AWS CloudTrail logs to check for any associate-address attempts.
Create an AWS Lambda function to dissociate the Elastic IP address from the instance, and alert the
Security team.
D. Attach an IAM policy to the Developer's IAM group to deny associate-address permissions. Create a custom AWS Config rule to check whether an Elastic IP address is associated with any instance tagged as production, and alert the Security team.
Answer: D
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Updated: May 28, 2022